一、原理

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冷備份
數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)在關(guān)閉狀態(tài)下完成所有物理系統(tǒng)文件拷貝的過(guò)程,也稱(chēng)脫機(jī)備份
適合于非歸檔模式下,數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)處于一致性狀態(tài)
步驟
首先在運(yùn)行的庫(kù)中得到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)運(yùn)行的所有的物理文件位置,然后在計(jì)劃內(nèi)關(guān)閉數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)(shutdown)
再執(zhí)行拷貝物理文家到備份路徑或備份設(shè)備
備份完成后立即啟動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)讓其提供正常的服務(wù)
總結(jié) - 優(yōu)點(diǎn)
冷備模式下概念易于理解,即將需要備份的文件復(fù)制到安全的位置
操作比較簡(jiǎn)單,不需要太多的干預(yù)
容易恢復(fù)到某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)上(只需將文件再拷貝回去)
能與歸檔方法相結(jié)合,作數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)“最新?tīng)顟B(tài)”的恢復(fù)。
4.總結(jié) - 缺點(diǎn)
備份時(shí),數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)必須處于一致性關(guān)閉狀態(tài)
只能提供到某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)的恢復(fù)
備份時(shí)速度比較慢,尤其是數(shù)據(jù)量大性能影響比較大
不能實(shí)現(xiàn)基于表和用戶級(jí)別的數(shù)據(jù)恢復(fù)
二、案例
首先應(yīng)該在相關(guān)視圖里查出數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的數(shù)據(jù)文件,日志文件,控制文件,臨時(shí)文件所在的位置。注意:不要直接把oradata下的cp就行了,因?yàn)樯a(chǎn)庫(kù)里各個(gè)文件通常分布在不同的磁盤(pán),不同的地方,所以在去視圖里獲得真實(shí)路徑 。1).查看數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)是否為CDB
SYS@newtest>select name, decode(cdb, 'YES', 'Multitenant Option enabled', 'Regular 12c Database: ') "Multitenant Option" , open_mode, con_id from v$database;
NAME Multitenant Option OPEN_MODE CON_ID
NEWTEST Multitenant Option enabled READ WRITE 0
YES表示該數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)是CDB,如果是NO表示是NO-CDB(普通數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù))
2).查看實(shí)例和數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的相關(guān)信息
SYS@newtest>select instance_name,version,status,archiver,database_status from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME VERSION STATUS ARCHIVE DATABASE_STATUS
newtest 12.2.0.1.0 OPEN STARTED ACTIVE
SYS@newtest>select dbid,name,log_mode from v$database;
DBID NAME LOG_MODE
1779551310 NEWTEST ARCHIVELOG
SYS@newtest>set linesize 180
SYS@newtest>col guid format A40
SYS@newtest>col name format A20
SYS@newtest>select con_id, dbid, guid, name , open_mode from v$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID GUID NAME OPEN_MODE
2 603865257 32CAC9A05E614355926257BE671D9AFC PDB$SEED READ ONLY
3 3394996704 24549D14BBEB417BAB312BF19BC5259E PDBTEST READ WRITE
4 50957894 D4B2FCAAC2B944CC8AF5864EC7CB853C CLONEPDB_PLUG READ WRITE3). 查看數(shù)據(jù)文件及狀態(tài)信息
SYS@newtest>col file_name format A60
SYS@newtest>select file_name,tablespace_name,status,online_status from dba_data_files;
FILE_NAME TABLESPACENAME STATUS ONLINE
C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\SYSTEM01.DBF SYSTEM AVAILABLE SYSTEM
C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\SYSAUX01.DBF SYSAUX AVAILABLE ONLINE
C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\UNDOTBS01.DBF UNDOTBS1 AVAILABLE ONLINE
C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\USERS01.DBF USERS AVAILABLE ONLINE
SYS@newtest>col con_id format 99
SYS@newtest>col name format A80
SYS@newtest>select con_id,FILE#,NAME,status,enabled from v$datafile order by 1;
CON_ID FILE# NAME STATUS ENABLED
1 1 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\SYSTEM01.DBF SYSTEM READ WRITE
1 3 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\SYSAUX01.DBF ONLINE READ WRITE
1 5 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\UNDOTBS01.DBF ONLINE READ WRITE
1 7 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\USERS01.DBF ONLINE READ WRITE
2 2 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\PDBSEED\SYSTEM01.DBF SYSTEM READ WRITE
2 4 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\PDBSEED\SYSAUX01.DBF ONLINE READ WRITE
2 6 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\PDBSEED\UNDOTBS01.DBF ONLINE READ WRITE
3 8 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\PDBTEST\SYSTEM01.DBF SYSTEM READ WRITE
3 11 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\PDBTEST\USERS01.DBF ONLINE READ WRITE
3 10 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\PDBTEST\UNDOTBS01.DBF ONLINE READ WRITE
3 9 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\PDBTEST\SYSAUX01.DBF ONLINE READ WRITECON_ID FILE# NAME STATUS ENABLED
4 42 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\CLONEPDB_PLUG\UNDOTBS01.DBF ONLINE READ WRITE
4 41 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\CLONEPDB_PLUG\SYSAUX01.DBF ONLINE READ WRITE
4 40 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\CLONEPDB_PLUG\SYSTEM01.DBF SYSTEM READ WRITE
4 43 C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\CLONEPDB_PLUG\USERS01.DBF ONLINE READ WRITE15 rows selected.
4).查看臨時(shí)文件
SYS@newtest>col name format A100
SYS@newtest>select name from v$tempfile;
C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\TEMP01.DBF
C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\PDBSEED\TEMP012017-12-13_17-23-31-944-PM.DBF
C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\PDBTEST\TEMP012017-12-13_17-23-31-944-PM.DBF
C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\CLONEPDB_PLUG\TEMP012017-12-13_17-23-31-944-PM.DBF
5).查看日志文件
SYS@newtest>col member format A60
SYS@newtest>select member from v$logfile;
C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\REDO03.LOG
C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\REDO02.LOG
C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\REDO01.LOG
6).查看控制文件
SYS@newtest>select name from v$controlfile;
C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\CONTROL01.CTL
C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\CONTROL02.CTL
7).創(chuàng)建備份目錄
SYS@newtest>ho mkdir c:\oracleback
SYS@newtest>select 'ho mkdir '|| ' &dir\' ||NAME from v$pdbs;
Enter value for dir: C:\oracleback
old 1: select 'ho mkdir '|| ' &dir\' ||NAME from v$pdbs
new 1: select 'ho mkdir '|| ' C:\oracleback\' ||NAME from v$pdbs
ho mkdir C:\oracleback\PDB$SEED
ho mkdir C:\oracleback\PDBTEST
ho mkdir C:\oracleback\CLONEPDB_PLUG
8).使用連接符生成復(fù)制文件命令
SYS@newtest>select 'ho copy ' || name || ' &dir' from v$controlfile
2 union all
3 select 'ho copy ' || member || ' &dir' from v$logfile
4 union all
5 select 'ho copy ' || file_name|| ' &dir' from dba_data_files
6 union all
7 select 'ho copy ' || vd.name || ' &dir\'|| vp.name as command from v$datafile vd join v$pdbs vp using(con_id)
8 union all
9 select 'ho copy ' || vt.name || ' &dir\'|| vp.name as command from v$tempfile vt join v$pdbs vp using(con_id)
10 /
Enter value for dir: C:\oracleback
old 1: select 'ho copy ' || name || ' &dir' from v$controlfile
new 1: select 'ho copy ' || name || ' C:\oracleback' from v$controlfile
Enter value for dir: C:\oracleback
old 3: select 'ho copy ' || member || ' &dir' from v$logfile
new 3: select 'ho copy ' || member || ' C:\oracleback' from v$logfile
Enter value for dir: C:\oracleback
old 5: select 'ho copy ' || file_name|| ' &dir' from dba_data_files
new 5: select 'ho copy ' || file_name|| ' C:\oracleback' from dba_data_files
Enter value for dir: C:\oracleback
old 7: select 'ho copy ' || vd.name || ' &dir\'|| vp.name as command from v$datafile vd join v$pdbs vp using(con_id)
new 7: select 'ho copy ' || vd.name || ' C:\oracleback\'|| vp.name as command from v$datafile vd join v$pdbs vp using(con_id)
Enter value for dir: C:\oracleback
old 9: select 'ho copy ' || vt.name || ' &dir\'|| vp.name as command from v$tempfile vt join v$pdbs vp using(con_id)
new 9: select 'ho copy ' || vt.name || ' C:\oracleback\'|| vp.name as command from v$tempfile vt join v$pdbs vp using(con_id)
ho copy C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\CONTROL01.CTL C:\oracleback
ho copy C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\CONTROL02.CTL C:\oracleback
ho copy C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\REDO03.LOG C:\oracleback
ho copy C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\REDO02.LOG C:\oracleback
ho copy C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\REDO01.LOG C:\oracleback
ho copy C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\SYSTEM01.DBF C:\oracleback
ho copy C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\SYSAUX01.DBF C:\oracleback
ho copy C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\UNDOTBS01.DBF C:\oracleback
ho copy C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\USERS01.DBF C:\oracleback
ho copy C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\PDBSEED\SYSTEM01.DBF C:\oracleback\PDB$SEED
ho copy C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\PDBSEED\SYSAUX01.DBF C:\oracleback\PDB$SEED
ho copy C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\PDBSEED\UNDOTBS01.DBF C:\oracleback\PDB$SEED
ho copy C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\PDBTEST\SYSTEM01.DBF C:\oracleback\PDBTEST
ho copy C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\PDBTEST\SYSAUX01.DBF C:\oracleback\PDBTEST
ho copy C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\PDBTEST\UNDOTBS01.DBF C:\oracleback\PDBTEST
ho copy C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\PDBTEST\USERS01.DBF C:\oracleback\PDBTEST
ho copy C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\CLONEPDB_PLUG\SYSTEM01.DBF C:\oracleback\CLONEPDB_PLUG
ho copy C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\CLONEPDB_PLUG\SYSAUX01.DBF C:\oracleback\CLONEPDB_PLUG
ho copy C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\CLONEPDB_PLUG\UNDOTBS01.DBF C:\oracleback\CLONEPDB_PLUG
ho copy C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\CLONEPDB_PLUG\USERS01.DBF C:\oracleback\CLONEPDB_PLUG
ho copy C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\PDBSEED\TEMP012017-12-13_17-23-31-944-PM.DBF C:\oracleback\PDB$SEED
ho copy C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\PDBTEST\TEMP012017-12-13_17-23-31-944-PM.DBF C:\oracleback\PDBTEST
ho copy C:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\VIRTUAL\ORADATA\NEWTEST\CLONEPDB_PLUG\TEMP012017-12-13_17-23-31-944-PM.DBF C:\oracleback\CLONEPDB_PLUG
23 rows selected.
9).編寫(xiě)相關(guān)腳本
當(dāng)前題目:Oracle冷備份腳本
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