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簡(jiǎn)介：C語(yǔ)言大全第四版詳細(xì)討論了C語(yǔ)言及其函數(shù)庫(kù)的各個(gè)方面，主要強(qiáng)調(diào)ANS/ISO標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的C語(yǔ)言內(nèi)容涵蓋了C89和C99。 ?

C 語(yǔ)言標(biāo)準(zhǔn)庫(kù)函數(shù)

C語(yǔ)言標(biāo)準(zhǔn)庫(kù)函數(shù)

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)io函數(shù)

Standard C I/O

clearerr() clears errors

fclose() close a file

feof() true if at the end-of-file

ferror() checks for a file error

fflush() writes the contents of the output buffer

fgetc() get a character from a stream

fgetpos() get the file position indicator

fgets() get a string of characters from a stream

fopen() open a file

fprintf() print formatted output to a file

fputc() write a character to a file

fputs() write a string to a file

fread() read from a file

freopen() open an existing stream with a different name

fscanf() read formatted input from a file

fseek() move to a specific location in a file

fsetpos() move to a specific location in a file

ftell() returns the current file position indicator

fwrite() write to a file

getc() read a character from a file

getchar() read a character from STDIN

gets() read a string from STDIN

perror() displays a string version of the current error to STDERR

printf() write formatted output to STDOUT

putc() write a character to a stream

putchar() write a character to STDOUT

puts() write a string to STDOUT

remove() erase a file

rename() rename a file

rewind() move the file position indicator to the beginning of a file

scanf() read formatted input from STDIN

setbuf() set the buffer for a specific stream

setvbuf() set the buffer and size for a specific stream

sprintf() write formatted output to a buffer

sscanf() read formatted input from a buffer

tmpfile() return a pointer to a temporary file

tmpnam() return a unique filename

ungetc() puts a character back into a stream

vprintf, vfprintf, vsprintf write formatted output with variable argument lists

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)字符/字符串處理函數(shù)

atof() converts a string to a double

atoi() converts a string to an integer

atol() converts a string to a long

isalnum() true if alphanumeric

isalpha() true if alphabetic

iscntrl() true if control character

isdigit() true if digit

isgraph() true if a graphical character

islower() true if lowercase

isprint() true if a printing character

ispunct() true if punctuation

isspace() true if space

isupper() true if uppercase character

isxdigit() true if a hexidecimal character

memchr() searches an array for the first occurance of a character

memcmp() compares two buffers

memcpy() copies one buffer to another

memmove() moves one buffer to another

memset() fills a buffer with a character

strcat() concatenates two strings

strchr() finds the first occurance of a character in a string

strcmp() compares two strings

strcoll() compares two strings in accordance to the current locale

strcpy() copies one string to another

strcspn() searches one string for any characters in another

strerror() returns a text version of a given error code

strlen() returns the length of a given string

strncat() concatenates a certain amount of characters of two strings

strncmp() compares a certain amount of characters of two strings

strncpy() copies a certain amount of characters from one string to another

strpbrk() finds the first location of any character in one string, in another string

strrchr() finds the last occurance of a character in a string

strspn() returns the length of a substring of characters of a string

strstr() finds the first occurance of a substring of characters

strtod() converts a string to a double

strtok() finds the next token in a string

strtol() converts a string to a long

strtoul() converts a string to an unsigned long

strxfrm() converts a substring so that it can be used by string comparison functions

tolower() converts a character to lowercase

toupper() converts a character to uppercase

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)數(shù)學(xué)函數(shù)

abs() absolute value

acos() arc cosine

asin() arc sine

atan() arc tangent

atan2() arc tangent, using signs to determine quadrants

ceil() the smallest integer not less than a certain value

cos() cosine

cosh() hyperbolic cosine

div() returns the quotient and remainder of a division

exp() returns "e" raised to a given power

fabs() absolute value for floating-point numbers

floor() returns the largest integer not greater than a given value

fmod() returns the remainder of a division

frexp() decomposes a number into scientific notation

labs() absolute value for long integers

ldexp() computes a number in scientific notation

ldiv() returns the quotient and remainder of a division, in long integer form

log() natural logarithm

log10() natural logarithm, in base 10

modf() decomposes a number into integer and fractional parts

pow() returns a given number raised to another number

sin() sine

sinh() hyperbolic sine

sqrt() square root

tan() tangent

tanh() hyperbolic tangent

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)間/日期函數(shù)

asctime() a textual version of the time

clock() returns the amount of time that the program has been running

ctime() returns a specifically formatted version of the time

difftime() the difference between two times

gmtime() returns a pointer to the current Greenwich Mean Time

localtime() returns a pointer to the current time

mktime() returns the calendar version of a given time

strftime() returns individual elements of the date and time

time() returns the current calendar time of the system

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)內(nèi)存管理函數(shù)

calloc() allocates a two-dimensional chunk of memory

free() makes memory available for future allocation

malloc() allocates memory

realloc() changes the size of previously allocated memory

其它標(biāo)準(zhǔn)函數(shù)

abort() stops the program

assert() stops the program if an expression isn';t true

atexit() sets a function to be called when the program exits

bsearch() perform a binary search

exit() stop the program

getenv() get enviornment information about a variable

longjmp() start execution at a certain point in the program

qsort() perform a quicksort

raise() send a signal to the program

rand() returns a pseudorandom number

setjmp() set execution to start at a certain point

signal() register a function as a signal handler

srand() initialize the random number generator

system() perform a system call

va_arg() use variable length parameter lists

C語(yǔ)言中的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)函數(shù)有哪些

C語(yǔ)言輸入輸出函數(shù)有很多，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)I/O函數(shù)中包含了如下幾個(gè)常用的函數(shù)：

scanf,printf,getc,putc,getchar,putchar,gets,puts,fgets,fputs,fgetc,fputc,fscanf,fprintf等.

int getc(FILE *fp)

getc主要是從文件中讀出一個(gè)字符.常用的判斷文件是否讀取結(jié)束的語(yǔ)句為 (ch = getc(fp)) != EOF.EOF為文件結(jié)束標(biāo)志,定義在stdio.h中,就像EXIT_SUCCESS,EXIT_FAILURE定義在stdlib.h中一樣,文件也可以被理解為一種流,所以當(dāng)fp為stdin時(shí),getc(stdin)就等同于getchar()了.

int putc(int ch,FILE *fp)

putc主要是把字符ch寫到文件fp中去.如果fp為stdout,則putc就等同于putchar()了.

int getchar(void)

getchar主要是從標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸入流讀取一個(gè)字符.默認(rèn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸入流即stdio.h中定義的stdin.但是從輸入流中讀取字符時(shí)又涉及到緩沖的問題,所以并不是在屏幕中敲上一個(gè)字符程序就會(huì)運(yùn)行,一般是通過在屏幕上敲上回車鍵,然后將回車前的字符串放在緩沖區(qū)中,getchar就是在緩沖區(qū)中一個(gè)一個(gè)的讀字符.當(dāng)然也可以在while循環(huán)中指定終止字符,如下面的語(yǔ)句:while ((c = getchar()) != '#')這是以#來結(jié)束的.

int putchar(int ch)

putchar(ch)主要是把字符ch寫到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)流stdout中去.

char * gets(char *str)

gets主要是從標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸入流讀取字符串并回顯，讀到換行符時(shí)退出,并會(huì)將換行符省去.

int puts(char *str)

puts主要是把字符串str寫到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)流stdout中去,并會(huì)在輸出到最后時(shí)添加一個(gè)換行符.

char *fgets(char *str, int num, FILE *fp)

str是存放讀入的字符數(shù)組指針,num是最大允許的讀入字符數(shù),fp是文件指針.fgets的功能是讀一行字符，該行的字符數(shù)不大于num-1.因?yàn)閒gets函數(shù)會(huì)在末尾加上一個(gè)空字符以構(gòu)成一個(gè)字符串.另外fgets在讀取到換行符后不會(huì)將其省略.

int fputs(char *str, file *fp)

fputs將str寫入fp.fputs與puts的不同之處是fputs在打印時(shí)并不添加換行符.

int fgetc(FILE *fp)

fgetc從fp的當(dāng)前位置讀取一個(gè)字符.

int fputc(int ch, file *fp)

fputc是將ch寫入fp當(dāng)前指定位置.

int fscanf(FILE *fp, char *format, 輸入列表)

fscanf按照指定格式從文件中出讀出數(shù)據(jù),并賦值到參數(shù)列表中.

int fprintf(FILE *fp, char *format, 輸出列表)

fprintf將格式化數(shù)據(jù)寫入流式文件中.

數(shù)據(jù)塊讀寫函數(shù)

fread (buffer,size,count，fp);

fwrite(buffer,size,count,fp);

參數(shù)說明：

buffer：是一個(gè)指針。

對(duì)fread 來說，它是讀入數(shù)據(jù)的存放地址。

對(duì)fwrite來說，是要輸出數(shù)據(jù)的地址（均指起始地址）。

size： 要讀寫的字節(jié)數(shù)。

count： 要進(jìn)行讀寫多少個(gè)size字節(jié)的數(shù)據(jù)項(xiàng)。

fp： 文件型指針。

標(biāo)題名稱：c語(yǔ)言標(biāo)準(zhǔn)函數(shù)庫(kù)pdf c語(yǔ)言基本函數(shù)庫(kù)
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