本篇文章為大家展示了使用golang怎么實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)短url項(xiàng)目,內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)明扼要并且容易理解,絕對(duì)能使你眼前一亮,通過(guò)這篇文章的詳細(xì)介紹希望你能有所收獲。
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1.把一個(gè)長(zhǎng)url轉(zhuǎn)換為一個(gè)短url網(wǎng)址
2.主要用于微博,二維碼,等有字?jǐn)?shù)限制的場(chǎng)景
主要實(shí)現(xiàn)的功能分析:
1.把長(zhǎng)url的地址轉(zhuǎn)換為短url地址
2.通過(guò)短url獲取對(duì)應(yīng)的原始長(zhǎng)url地址
3.相同長(zhǎng)url地址是否需要同樣的短url地址
這里實(shí)現(xiàn)的是一個(gè)api服務(wù)

數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)設(shè)計(jì)
數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的設(shè)計(jì)其實(shí)也沒(méi)有非常復(fù)雜,如圖所示:

這里有個(gè)設(shè)置需要主要就是關(guān)于數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)表中id的設(shè)計(jì),需要設(shè)置為自增的
并且這里有個(gè)問(wèn)題需要提前知道,我們的思路是根據(jù)id的值會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)換為62進(jìn)制關(guān)于進(jìn)制轉(zhuǎn)換的代碼為:
// 將十進(jìn)制轉(zhuǎn)換為62進(jìn)制 0-9a-zA-Z 六十二進(jìn)制
func transTo62(id int64)string{
// 1 -- > 1
// 10-- > a
// 61-- > Z
charset := "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
var shortUrl []byte
for{
var result byte
number := id % 62
result = charset[number]
var tmp []byte
tmp = append(tmp,result)
shortUrl = append(tmp,shortUrl...)
id = id / 62
if id == 0{
break
}
}
fmt.Println(string(shortUrl))
return string(shortUrl)
}所以這里需要設(shè)置一下數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)id的起始值,可以設(shè)置的大一點(diǎn),這樣轉(zhuǎn)換為62進(jìn)制之后不至于太短
代碼邏輯
項(xiàng)目完整的代碼git地址:https://github.com/pythonsite/go_simple_code/tree/master/short_url
當(dāng)然這里的代碼還有待后面繼續(xù)做優(yōu)化,但是這里通過(guò)golang內(nèi)置的net/http 庫(kù)實(shí)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的api功能
代碼的目錄結(jié)構(gòu)
|____logic | |____logic.go |____model | |____data.go |____api | |____api.go |____client | |____client.go
logic目錄為主要的處理邏輯
model是定義了request和response結(jié)構(gòu)體
api目錄為程序的入口程序
client 為測(cè)試請(qǐng)求,進(jìn)行地址的轉(zhuǎn)換
model 代碼為:
package model
type Long2ShortRequest struct {
OriginUrl string `json:"origin_url"`
}
type ResponseHeader struct {
Code int `json:"code"`
Message string `json:"message"`
}
type Long2ShortResponse struct {
ResponseHeader
ShortUrl string `json:"short_url"`
}
type Short2LongRequest struct {
ShortUrl string `json:"short_url"`
}
type Short2LongResponse struct {
ResponseHeader
OriginUrl string `json:"origin_url"`
}logic的代碼為:
package logic
import(
"go_dev/11/short_url/model"
"github.com/jmoiron/sqlx"
"fmt"
"crypto/md5"
"database/sql"
)
var (
Db *sqlx.DB
)
type ShortUrl struct {
Id int64 `db:"id"`
ShortUrl string `db:"short_url"`
OriginUrl string `db:"origin_url"`
HashCode string `db:"hash_code"`
}
func InitDb(dsn string)(err error) {
// 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)初始化
Db, err = sqlx.Open("MySQL",dsn)
if err != nil{
fmt.Println("connect to mysql failed:",err)
return
}
return
}
func Long2Short(req *model.Long2ShortRequest) (response *model.Long2ShortResponse, err error) {
response = &model.Long2ShortResponse{}
urlMd5 := fmt.Sprintf("%x",md5.Sum([]byte(req.OriginUrl)))
var short ShortUrl
err = Db.Get(&short,"select id,short_url,origin_url,hash_code from short_url where hash_code=?",urlMd5)
if err == sql.ErrNoRows{
err = nil
// 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中沒(méi)有記錄,重新生成一個(gè)新的短url
shortUrl,errRet := generateShortUrl(req,urlMd5)
if errRet != nil{
err = errRet
return
}
response.ShortUrl = shortUrl
return
}
if err != nil{
return
}
response.ShortUrl = short.ShortUrl
return
}
func generateShortUrl(req *model.Long2ShortRequest,hashcode string)(shortUrl string,err error){
result,err := Db.Exec("insert INTO short_url(origin_url,hash_code)VALUES (?,?)",req.OriginUrl,hashcode)
if err != nil{
return
}
// 0-9a-zA-Z 六十二進(jìn)制
insertId,_:= result.LastInsertId()
shortUrl = transTo62(insertId)
_,err = Db.Exec("update short_url set short_url=? where id=?",shortUrl,insertId)
if err != nil{
fmt.Println(err)
return
}
return
}
// 將十進(jìn)制轉(zhuǎn)換為62進(jìn)制 0-9a-zA-Z 六十二進(jìn)制
func transTo62(id int64)string{
// 1 -- > 1
// 10-- > a
// 61-- > Z
charset := "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
var shortUrl []byte
for{
var result byte
number := id % 62
result = charset[number]
var tmp []byte
tmp = append(tmp,result)
shortUrl = append(tmp,shortUrl...)
id = id / 62
if id == 0{
break
}
}
fmt.Println(string(shortUrl))
return string(shortUrl)
}
func Short2Long(req *model.Short2LongRequest) (response *model.Short2LongResponse, err error) {
response = &model.Short2LongResponse{}
var short ShortUrl
err = Db.Get(&short,"select id,short_url,origin_url,hash_code from short_url where short_url=?",req.ShortUrl)
if err == sql.ErrNoRows{
response.Code = 404
return
}
if err != nil{
response.Code = 500
return
}
response.OriginUrl = short.OriginUrl
return
}api的代碼為:
package main
import (
"io/ioutil"
"net/http"
"fmt"
"encoding/json"
"go_dev/11/short_url/logic"
"go_dev/11/short_url/model"
_ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
)
const (
ErrSuccess = 0
ErrInvalidParameter = 1001
ErrServerBusy = 1002
)
func getMessage(code int) (msg string){
switch code {
case ErrSuccess:
msg = "success"
case ErrInvalidParameter:
msg = "invalid parameter"
case ErrServerBusy:
msg = "server busy"
default:
msg = "unknown error"
}
return
}
// 用于將返回序列化數(shù)據(jù),失敗的返回
func responseError(w http.ResponseWriter, code int) {
var response model.ResponseHeader
response.Code = code
response.Message = getMessage(code)
data, err := json.Marshal(response)
if err != nil {
w.Write([]byte("{\"code\":500, \"message\": \"server busy\"}"))
return
}
w.Write(data)
}
// 用于將返回序列化數(shù)據(jù),成功的返回
func responseSuccess(w http.ResponseWriter, data interface{}) {
dataByte, err := json.Marshal(data)
if err != nil {
w.Write([]byte("{\"code\":500, \"message\": \"server busy\"}"))
return
}
w.Write(dataByte)
}
// 長(zhǎng)地址到短地址
func Long2Short(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
// 這里需要說(shuō)明的是發(fā)來(lái)的數(shù)據(jù)是通過(guò)post發(fā)過(guò)來(lái)一個(gè)json格式的數(shù)據(jù)
data, err := ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("read all failded, ", err)
responseError(w, 1001)
return
}
var req model.Long2ShortRequest
// 將反序列化的數(shù)據(jù)保存在結(jié)構(gòu)體中
err = json.Unmarshal(data, &req)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("Unmarshal failded, ", err)
responseError(w, 1002)
return
}
resp, err := logic.Long2Short(&req)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("Long2Short failded, ", err)
responseError(w, 1003)
return
}
responseSuccess(w, resp)
}
// 短地址到長(zhǎng)地址
func Short2Long(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
// 這里需要說(shuō)明的是發(fā)來(lái)的數(shù)據(jù)是通過(guò)post發(fā)過(guò)來(lái)一個(gè)json格式的數(shù)據(jù)
data, err := ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("read all failded, ", err)
responseError(w, 1001)
return
}
var req model.Short2LongRequest
// 將反序列化的數(shù)據(jù)保存在結(jié)構(gòu)體中
err = json.Unmarshal(data, &req)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("Unmarshal failded, ", err)
responseError(w, 1002)
return
}
resp, err := logic.Short2Long(&req)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("Long2Short failded, ", err)
responseError(w, 1003)
return
}
responseSuccess(w, resp)
}
func main(){
err := logic.InitDb("root:123456@tcp(192.168.50.145:3306)/short_url?parseTime=true")
if err != nil{
fmt.Printf("init db failed,err:%v\n",err)
return
}
http.HandleFunc("/trans/long2short", Long2Short)
http.HandleFunc("/trans/short2long", Short2Long)
http.ListenAndServe(":18888", nil)
}上述內(nèi)容就是使用golang怎么實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)短url項(xiàng)目,你們學(xué)到知識(shí)或技能了嗎?如果還想學(xué)到更多技能或者豐富自己的知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備,歡迎關(guān)注創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)行業(yè)資訊頻道。
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