基于蘇玲老師<玩轉(zhuǎn) Git 三劍客>視頻學(xué)習(xí)的一點(diǎn)總結(jié)。——極客時(shí)間
1、版本控制系統(tǒng)的演變
VCS 出現(xiàn)前
用目錄拷貝區(qū)別不同版本
公共文件容易被覆蓋
成員溝通成本很高,代碼集成效率低下
集中式 VCS
有集中的版本管理服務(wù)器?
具備文件版本管理理和分支管理理能力
集成效率有明顯地提高
客戶端必須時(shí)刻和服務(wù)?相連
分布式 VCS
服務(wù)端和客戶端都有完整的版本庫(kù)
脫離服務(wù)端,客戶端照樣可以管理理版本
查看歷史和版本比較等多數(shù)操作,都不需要訪問服務(wù)器?,比集中式 VCS 更能提高版本管理理效率
Git的特點(diǎn)
最優(yōu)的存儲(chǔ)能力、非凡的性能、開源的、很容易做備份、支持離線操作、很容易定制工作流程
2、安裝Git
Git官網(wǎng):https://git-scm.com/
參考文檔:https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2
3、最小配置
配置user.name和user.email
$ git config --global user.name ‘your_name’
$ git config --global user.email ‘your_email@domain.com’
config 的三個(gè)作用域
$ git config --local #local只對(duì)倉(cāng)庫(kù)有效,缺省等同于 local
$ git config --global #global對(duì)登錄用戶所有倉(cāng)庫(kù)有效
$ git config --system #system對(duì)系統(tǒng)的所有用戶有效
顯示 config 的配置,加 --list
$ git config --list --local
$ git config --list --global
$ git config --list --system
清除,--unset
$ git config --unset --local user.name
$ git config --unset --global user.name
$ git config --unset --system user.name
實(shí)例:
$ git config --global user.name "Jone"
$ git config --global user.email "764651475@qq.com"
$ git config --global --list
sendpack.sideband=false
user.name=Jone
user.email=764651475@qq.com
4、創(chuàng)建第一個(gè)倉(cāng)庫(kù)
兩種方式:
$ git init
$ cd 某個(gè)?文件夾
$ cd 項(xiàng)目代碼所在的文件夾
$ git init your_project #會(huì)在當(dāng)前路徑下創(chuàng)建和項(xiàng)目名稱同名的文件夾
$ cd your_project
實(shí)例
$ git init git_learning
Initialized empty Git repository in D:/git_learning/.git/
$ cd git_learning/
$ git status
On branch master
No commits yet
nothing to commit (create/copy files and use "git add" to track)
$ echo "hello world!" > first.txt #添加第一個(gè)文件
$ git status #顯示當(dāng)前git狀態(tài)
On branch master
No commits yet
Untracked files:
(use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
first.txt
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
$ git add first.txt #添加到暫存區(qū)
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in first.txt.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory.
$ git commit -m"Add first file" #提交
[master (root-commit) c8588e4] Add first file
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
create mode 100644 first.txt
$ git status
On branch master
nothing to commit, working tree clean
5、通過幾次commit來認(rèn)識(shí)工作區(qū)和暫存區(qū)
在上面添加文件到暫存區(qū)時(shí),出現(xiàn)警告信息,是由于Git的換行符檢查功能。Windows使用回車和換行兩個(gè)字符來結(jié)束一行,而Mac和Linux只使用換行一個(gè)字符。Git可以在提交時(shí)自動(dòng)地把行結(jié)束符CRLF轉(zhuǎn)換成LF,而在讀取代碼時(shí)把LF轉(zhuǎn)換成CRLF。如果該項(xiàng)目?jī)H運(yùn)行在Windows上的項(xiàng)目,可以設(shè)置false取消此功能。
$ echo "second file" > second.txt #創(chuàng)建幾個(gè)文件
$ echo "third file" > third.txt
$ echo "fourth file" > fourth.txt
$ git status #查看git當(dāng)前狀態(tài)
On branch master
Untracked files:
(use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
fourth.txt
second.txt
third.txt
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
$ git add second.txt #添加第二個(gè)文件到暫存區(qū)
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in second.txt.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory.
$ git config --global core.autocrlf false #關(guān)閉換行符檢查功能
$ git status
On branch master
Changes to be committed:
(use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
new file: second.txt
Untracked files:
(use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
fourth.txt
third.txt
$ git commit -m"Add second file"#提交第二個(gè)文件
[master 0bd98cb] Add second file
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
create mode 100644 second.txt
$ git log
commit 0bd98cb5d0d969cfc35d8c5a16d33b5924cbc6b0 (HEAD -> master)
Author: Jone <764651475@qq.com>
Date: Thu Mar 14 16:59:25 2019 +0800
Add second file
commit c8588e43dd1053684632871fb8aec1945ee6a6ab
Author: Jone <764651475@qq.com>
Date: Thu Mar 14 16:36:00 2019 +0800
Add first file
$ git add third.txt
$ git commit -m"Add third file" #提交第三個(gè)文件
[master b843c28] Add third file
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
create mode 100644 third.txt
$ git status
On branch master
Untracked files:
(use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
fourth.txt
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
$ git add fourth.txt
$ git commit -m"Add fouth file" #提交第四個(gè)文件
[master 1d63ec8] Add fouth file
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
create mode 100644 fourth.txt
$ echo "Update the file" >> fourth.txt #修改第四個(gè)文件
$ git status
On branch master
Changes not staged for commit:
(use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
(use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
modified: fourth.txt
no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
$ git add fourth.txt
$ git commit -m"Update fourth file" #提交修改后的文件
[master 7376bc5] Update fourth file
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
$ git log
commit 7376bc5b2ebc3e13d4c4552ebdef348a17cd4eef (HEAD -> master)
Author: Jone <764651475@qq.com>
Date: Thu Mar 14 17:03:07 2019 +0800
Update fourth file
commit 1d63ec82259b237f58e7525ccf856a03fb880fcd
Author: Jone <764651475@qq.com>
Date: Thu Mar 14 17:01:46 2019 +0800
Add fouth file
commit b843c287804d2b5886167740f9e6c0d327540ee1
Author: Jone <764651475@qq.com>
Date: Thu Mar 14 17:00:21 2019 +0800
Add third file
commit 0bd98cb5d0d969cfc35d8c5a16d33b5924cbc6b0
Author: Jone <764651475@qq.com>
Date: Thu Mar 14 16:59:25 2019 +0800
Add second file
...
通過幾次提交文件,可以總結(jié)git工作區(qū)、暫存區(qū)與歷史版本之間的關(guān)系:
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