安裝mysql-5.6.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz通用版

官網(wǎng)安裝文檔：

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https://dev.MySQL.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/binary-installation.html

基礎(chǔ)環(huán)境：

CentOS Linux release 7.1.1503 (Core)

一、添加mysql用戶(hù)

[root@localhost local]# groupadd mysql

[root@localhost local]# useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql

二、解壓mysql，建立軟鏈接

[root@localhost local]# cd /usr/local/

[root@localhost local]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.6.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /home/software/

軟件默認(rèn)的啟動(dòng)程序中，讀取的是/usr/local/中的地址，所以不管在哪里安裝，都在/usr/local中建個(gè)軟鏈接比較好。

[root@localhost local]# ln -s /home/software/mysql-5.6.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql

三、添加環(huán)境變量

這是臨時(shí)環(huán)境，如果多個(gè)窗口同時(shí)操作的話，需要都加上這個(gè)環(huán)境。

[root@localhost mysql]# export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin

[root@localhost local]# cd mysql

[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql .

這里全是root也可以的，看自己。

四、安裝mysql

[root@localhost mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql

Installing MySQL system tables...2017-09-21 09:30:16 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).

2017-09-21 09:30:16 0 [Note] Ignoring --secure-file-priv value as server is running with --bootstrap.

2017-09-21 09:30:16 0 [Note] ./bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.37) starting as process 3271 ...

2017-09-21 09:30:16 3271 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages

2017-09-21 09:30:16 3271 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled

2017-09-21 09:30:16 3271 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins

2017-09-21 09:30:16 3271 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used

2017-09-21 09:30:16 3271 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3

2017-09-21 09:30:16 3271 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO

2017-09-21 09:30:16 3271 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions

2017-09-21 09:30:16 3271 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M

2017-09-21 09:30:16 3271 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool

2017-09-21 09:30:17 3271 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.

2017-09-21 09:30:17 3271 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.

2017-09-21 09:30:17 3271 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start

2017-09-21 09:30:17 3271 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.37 started; log sequence number 1625987

2017-09-21 09:30:17 3271 [Note] Binlog end

2017-09-21 09:30:17 3271 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.

2017-09-21 09:30:17 3271 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...

2017-09-21 09:30:18 3271 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625997

Filling help tables...2017-09-21 09:30:19 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).

2017-09-21 09:30:19 0 [Note] Ignoring --secure-file-priv value as server is running with --bootstrap.

2017-09-21 09:30:19 0 [Note] ./bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.37) starting as process 3294 ...

2017-09-21 09:30:19 3294 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages

2017-09-21 09:30:19 3294 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled

2017-09-21 09:30:19 3294 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins

2017-09-21 09:30:19 3294 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used

2017-09-21 09:30:19 3294 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3

2017-09-21 09:30:19 3294 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO

2017-09-21 09:30:19 3294 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions

2017-09-21 09:30:19 3294 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M

2017-09-21 09:30:19 3294 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool

2017-09-21 09:30:19 3294 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.

2017-09-21 09:30:19 3294 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.

2017-09-21 09:30:19 3294 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start

2017-09-21 09:30:19 3294 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.37 started; log sequence number 1625997

2017-09-21 09:30:19 3294 [Note] Binlog end

2017-09-21 09:30:19 3294 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.

2017-09-21 09:30:19 3294 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...

2017-09-21 09:30:21 3294 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1626007

To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy

support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system

PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !

To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:

./bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'

./bin/mysqladmin -u root -h qkettle password 'new-password'

Alternatively you can run:

./bin/mysql_secure_installation

which will also give you the option of removing the test

databases and anonymous user created by default. This is

strongly recommended for production servers.

See the manual for more instructions.

You can start the MySQL daemon with:

cd . ; ./bin/mysqld_safe &

You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl

cd mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl

Please report any problems at http://bugs.mysql.com/

The latest information about MySQL is available on the web at

http://www.mysql.com

Support MySQL by buying support/licenses at http://shop.mysql.com

WARNING: Found existing config file ./my.cnf on the system.

Because this file might be in use, it was not replaced,

but was used in bootstrap (unless you used --defaults-file)

and when you later start the server.

The new default config file was created as ./my-new.cnf,

please compare it with your file and take the changes you need.

WARNING: Default config file /etc/my.cnf exists on the system

This file will be read by default by the MySQL server

If you do not want to use this, either remove it, or use the

--defaults-file argument to mysqld_safe when starting the server

這里更改了一下用戶(hù)名qkettle（可忽略）。

注意：要將data變成mysql用戶(hù)

[root@qkettle mysql]# chown -R root .

[root@qkettle mysql]# chown -R mysql data

五、復(fù)制啟動(dòng)程序：

[root@qkettle mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server

在這里，如果/usr/local沒(méi)有mysql軟鏈接的話，會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)，說(shuō)找不到服務(wù)的。

六、啟動(dòng)MySQL服務(wù)，這里出來(lái)個(gè)錯(cuò)誤：（沒(méi)出錯(cuò)就直接查看下是否有MySQL進(jìn)程，繼續(xù)往下操作就好）

[root@qkettle mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysql.server start

Starting MySQL.170921 10:03:14 mysqld_safe error: log-error set to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log', however file don't exists. Create writable for user 'mysql'.

ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/var/lib/mysql/qkettle.pid).

解決：

[root@qkettle mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld_safe]

log-error=/var/log/mysql/mariadb.log

pid-file=/var/run/mysql/mariadb.pid

再啟動(dòng)：成功

[root@qkettle mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysql.server start

Starting MySQL.Logging to '/var/log/mysql/mariadb.log'.

. SUCCESS!

查看進(jìn)程

[root@qkettle mysql]# ps -ef |grep mysql

root 4998 1 0 10:05 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/qkettle.pid

mysql 5159 4998 0 10:05 pts/1 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/mysql/mariadb.log --pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/qkettle.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

七、建立軟鏈接，啟動(dòng)mysql。

[root@qkettle mysql]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/local/bin/mysql

這里出錯(cuò)：

[root@qkettle bin]# mysql

ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)

解決方法：

先停止服務(wù)，然后修改一個(gè)地方。

[root@qkettle bin]# /etc/init.d/mysql.server stop

Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!

[root@qkettle mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf

socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

八、再次啟動(dòng)服務(wù)、可以登錄了

[root@qkettle bin]# /etc/init.d/mysql.server start

初始登錄

mysql -u root

修改root用戶(hù)密碼

mysql>use mysql;

mysql> update user set password=password("123456") where user='root';

mysql> flush privileges;

退出重新用密碼登錄一下

mysql> exit;

查看數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的字符集情況

mysql> show variables like 'char%';

修改數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)字符集，其他的格式相同。

mysql> set character_set_database=utf8;

重啟后，字符集并不好用。

需要修改配置文件/etc/my.cnf

在[mysqld]下添加一段話，不能寫(xiě)錯(cuò)了，否則會(huì)啟動(dòng)不了

character-set-server=utf8

因?yàn)槲疫@里只有這么一個(gè)mysqld段落，所以沒(méi)有再添加別的。

如果要是還有別的需要添加字符集的段落，也需要添加上。

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安裝mysql-5.6.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz通用版