oracle如何得到模式 oracle 用戶和模式的關(guān)系
oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫如何切換模式
oracle dg 三大模式切換
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1、最大性能模式MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE --默認(rèn)模式，最大性能模式特點(diǎn)。
192.168.1.181
SQL?select?database_role,protection_mode,protection_level?from?v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE??PROTECTION_MODE???PROTECTION_LEVEL
----------------?--------------------?--------------------
PRIMARY?????MAXIMUM?PERFORMANCE?MAXIMUM?PERFORMANCE
SQL?col?dest_name?for?a25
SQL?select?dest_name,status?from?v$archive_dest_status;
DEST_NAME?????????STATUS
-------------------------?---------
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1????VALID
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2????VALID
SQL?show?parameter?log_archive
NAME?????????????????TYPE????VALUE
------------------------------------?-----------?---------------------------
log_archive_config??????????string???dg_config=(orcl,db01)
log_archive_dest_1??????????string???location=/home/oracle/arch_orc
l?valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_
roles)?db_unique_name=orcl
log_archive_dest_2??????????string???service=db_db01?LGWR?ASYNC?val
id_for=(online_logfiles,primar
y_roles)?db_unique_name=db01
SQL?archive?log?list
Database?log?mode???????Archive?Mode
Automatic?archival???????Enabled
Archive?destination??????/home/oracle/arch_orcl
Oldest?online?log?sequence???31
Next?log?sequence?to?archive??33
Current?log?sequence??????33
192.168.1.183
SQL?select?database_role,protection_mode,protection_level?from?v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE??PROTECTION_MODE???PROTECTION_LEVEL
----------------?--------------------?--------------------
PHYSICAL?STANDBY?MAXIMUM?PERFORMANCE?MAXIMUM?PERFORMANCE
SQL?col?dest_name?for?a25
SQL?select?dest_name,status?from?v$archive_dest_status;
DEST_NAME?????????STATUS
-------------------------?---------
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1????VALID
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2????VALID
SQL?show?parameter?log_archive
NAME?????????????????TYPE????VALUE
------------------------------------?-----------?---------------------------
log_archive_config??????????string???dg_config=(db01,orcl)
log_archive_dest_1??????????string???location=/home/oracle/arch_db0
1?valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_
roles)?db_unique_name=db01
log_archive_dest_2??????????string???service=db_orcl?LGWR?ASYNC?val
id_for=(online_logfiles,primar
y_roles)?db_unique_name=orcl
SQL?archive?log?list
Database?log?mode???????Archive?Mode
Automatic?archival???????Enabled
Archive?destination??????/home/oracle/arch_orcl
Oldest?online?log?sequence???31
Next?log?sequence?to?archive??33
Current?log?sequence??????33
192.168.1.181
SQL?alter?system?switch?logfile;
SQL?archive?log?list
Database?log?mode???????Archive?Mode
Automatic?archival???????Enabled
Archive?destination??????/home/oracle/arch_orcl
Oldest?online?log?sequence???32
Next?log?sequence?to?archive??34
Current?log?sequence??????34
192.168.1.183
SQL?archive?log?list
Database?log?mode???????Archive?Mode
Automatic?archival???????Enabled
Archive?destination??????/home/oracle/arch_db01
Oldest?online?log?sequence???32
Next?log?sequence?to?archive??0
Current?log?sequence??????34
2 、最大性能模式--切換到--最大高可用 ?(默認(rèn)是最大性能模式---MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE)。
192.168.1.181
SQL?select?DATABASE_ROLE,PROTECTION_MODE,PROTECTION_LEVEL?from?v$database;?
DATABASE_ROLE??PROTECTION_MODE???PROTECTION_LEVEL
----------------?--------------------?--------------------
PRIMARY?????MAXIMUM?PERFORMANCE?MAXIMUM?PERFORMANCE
SQL?show?parameter?log_archive_dest_2
NAME?????????????????TYPE????VALUE
------------------------------------?-----------?---------------------------
log_archive_dest_2??????????string???service=db_db01?LGWR?ASYNC?val
id_for=(online_logfiles,primar
y_roles)?db_unique_name=db01
192.168.1.181
SQL?shutdown?immediate
192.168.1.183
SQL?alter?database?recover?managed?standby?database?cancel;
SQL?shutdown?immediate
192.168.1.181
SQL?startup?mount;
SQL?alter?database?set?standby?database?to?maximize?availability;
SQL?alter?system?set?log_archive_dest_2='service=db_db01?LGWR?SYNC?valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_roles)?db_unique_name=db01'?scope=spfile;
192.168.1.183
SQL?startup?nomount
SQL?alter?database?mount?standby?database;
SQL?alter?system?set?log_archive_dest_2='service=db_orcl?LGWR?SYNC?valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_roles)?db_unique_name=orcl'?scope=spfile;
SQL?shutdown?immediate
SQL?startup?nomount
SQL?alter?database?mount?standby?database;
192.168.1.181
SQL?startup
SQL?col?dest_name?for?a25
SQL?select?dest_name,status?from?v$archive_dest_status;
DEST_NAME?????????STATUS
-------------------------?---------
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1????VALID
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2????VALID
SQL?show?parameter?log_archive_dest_2
NAME?????????????????TYPE????VALUE
------------------------------------?-----------?---------------------------
log_archive_dest_2??????????string???service=db_db01?LGWR?SYNC?vali
d_for=(online_logfiles,primary
_roles)?db_unique_name=db01
SQL?select?database_role,protection_level,protection_mode?from?v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE??PROTECTION_LEVEL???PROTECTION_MODE
----------------?--------------------?--------------------
PRIMARY?????MAXIMUM?AVAILABILITY?MAXIMUM?AVAILABILITY
SQL?archive?log?list
Database?log?mode???????Archive?Mode
Automatic?archival???????Enabled
Archive?destination??????/home/oracle/arch_orcl
Oldest?online?log?sequence???34
Next?log?sequence?to?archive??36
Current?log?sequence??????36
192.168.1.183
SQL?col?dest_name?for?a25
SQL?select?dest_name,status?from?v$archive_dest_status;
DEST_NAME?????????STATUS
-------------------------?---------
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1????VALID
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2????VALID
SQL?show?parameter?log_archive_dest_2
NAME?????????????????TYPE????VALUE
------------------------------------?-----------?---------------------------
log_archive_dest_2??????????string???service=db_orcl?LGWR?SYNC?vali
d_for=(online_logfiles,primary
_roles)?db_unique_name=orcl
SQL?select?database_role,protection_level,protection_mode?from?v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE??PROTECTION_LEVEL???PROTECTION_MODE
----------------?--------------------?--------------------
PHYSICAL?STANDBY?MAXIMUM?AVAILABILITY?MAXIMUM?AVAILABILITY
SQL?archive?log?list
Database?log?mode???????Archive?Mode
Automatic?archival???????Enabled
Archive?destination??????/home/oracle/arch_db01
Oldest?online?log?sequence???35
Next?log?sequence?to?archive??0
Current?log?sequence??????36
192.168.1.181
SQL?alter?system?switch?logfile;
SQL?archive?log?list
Database?log?mode???????Archive?Mode
Automatic?archival???????Enabled
Archive?destination??????/home/oracle/arch_orcl
Oldest?online?log?sequence???35
Next?log?sequence?to?archive??37
Current?log?sequence??????37
192.168.1.183
SQL?archive?log?list
Database?log?mode???????Archive?Mode
Automatic?archival???????Enabled
Archive?destination??????/home/oracle/arch_db01
Oldest?online?log?sequence???36
Next?log?sequence?to?archive??0
Current?log?sequence??????37
3、最大高可用--切換到--最保護(hù)能模式，DG最大保護(hù)模式Maximum protection。
192.168.1.181
SQL?shutdown?immediate
192.168.1.183
SQL?shutdown?immediate
192.168.1.181
SQL?alter?database?set?standby?database?to?maximize?protection;
SQL?shutdown?immediate
192.168.1.183
SQL?startup?nomount
SQL?alter?database?mount?standby?database;
192.168.1.181
SQL?startup
SQL?col?dest_name?for?a25
SQL?select?dest_name,status?from?v$archive_dest_status;
DEST_NAME?????????STATUS
-------------------------?---------
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1????VALID
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2????VALID
SQL?show?parameter?log_archive_dest_2
NAME?????????????????TYPE????VALUE
------------------------------------?-----------?---------------------------
log_archive_dest_2??????????string???service=db_db01?LGWR?SYNC?vali
d_for=(online_logfiles,primary
_roles)?db_unique_name=db01
SQL?select?database_role,protection_level,protection_mode?from?v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE??PROTECTION_LEVEL???PROTECTION_MODE
----------------?--------------------?--------------------
PRIMARY?????MAXIMUM?PROTECTION??MAXIMUM?PROTECTION
SQL?archive?log?list
Database?log?mode???????Archive?Mode
Automatic?archival???????Enabled
Archive?destination??????/home/oracle/arch_orcl
Oldest?online?log?sequence???37
Next?log?sequence?to?archive??39
Current?log?sequence??????39
192.168.1.183
SQL?col?dest_name?for?a25
SQL?select?dest_name,status?from?v$archive_dest_status;
DEST_NAME?????????STATUS
-------------------------?---------
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1????VALID
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2????VALID
SQL?show?parameter?log_archive_dest_2
NAME?????????????????TYPE????VALUE
------------------------------------?-----------?---------------------------
log_archive_dest_2??????????string???service=db_db01?LGWR?SYNC?vali
d_for=(online_logfiles,primary
_roles)?db_unique_name=db01
SQL?select?database_role,protection_level,protection_mode?from?v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE??PROTECTION_LEVEL???PROTECTION_MODE
----------------?--------------------?--------------------
PRIMARY?????MAXIMUM?PROTECTION??MAXIMUM?PROTECTION
SQL?archive?log?list
Database?log?mode???????Archive?Mode
Automatic?archival???????Enabled
Archive?destination??????/home/oracle/arch_db01
Oldest?online?log?sequence???37
Next?log?sequence?to?archive??0
Current?log?sequence??????39
192.168.1.181
SQL?alter?system?switch?logfile;
SQL?archive?log?list
Database?log?mode???????Archive?Mode
Automatic?archival???????Enabled
Archive?destination??????/home/oracle/arch_orcl
Oldest?online?log?sequence???38
Next?log?sequence?to?archive??40
Current?log?sequence??????40
192.168.1.183
SQL?archive?log?list
Database?log?mode???????Archive?Mode
Automatic?archival???????Enabled
Archive?destination??????/home/oracle/arch_db01
Oldest?online?log?sequence???37
Next?log?sequence?to?archive??0
Current?log?sequence??????40
oracle中怎么創(chuàng)建非同名的模式
什么是模式（schema）
模式是一個邏輯容器，你可以把模式理解為文件夾，方便我們對一組數(shù)據(jù)庫對象進(jìn)行管理。通常，一個大的系統(tǒng)由許多小的系統(tǒng)組成，我們可以給每個小的系統(tǒng)創(chuàng)建一個模式，把該系統(tǒng)中用到的數(shù)據(jù)庫對象都創(chuàng)建在這個模式中。例如，每個公司都會有員工，我們可以創(chuàng)建一個模式 HR，然后在 HR 中創(chuàng)建一個表 EMPLOYEES 來維護(hù)員工信息，如果需要在其他模式中訪問 EMPLOYEES 表，我們需要指定它的全名 HR.EMPLOYEES。
模式對象
我們可以在模式中創(chuàng)建表（Table）, 分區(qū)（Partition）, 視圖（View）, 索引（Indexe）, 包（Package）,存儲過程（Procedure）,函數(shù)（Function）,觸發(fā)起（Trigger）,類型（Type）, 序列（Sequence）, 同義（Synonym）等數(shù)據(jù)庫對象。
創(chuàng)建模式
模式隸屬于某個數(shù)據(jù)庫用戶，模式名和數(shù)據(jù)庫用戶是相同的，那如何創(chuàng)建模式呢？呵呵，很簡單，其實(shí)就是創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫用戶。
SYS 和 SYSTEM 模式
當(dāng)我們安裝 Oracle 的時候，系統(tǒng)自動幫我們創(chuàng)建了 SYS 和 SYSTEM 模式，它們擁有最高權(quán)限，用來管理數(shù)據(jù)庫，SYSTEM 比 SYS 提供了更多的表。
-- 更多參見：Oracle 精萃
-- 聲明：轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處
-- Last edited on 2015-09-04
-- Created by ShangBo on 2015-09-04
-- End
oracle 數(shù)據(jù)庫的外模式，內(nèi)模式，模式。
引用：
我覺得這里說得還是比較靠譜：
在ORACLE數(shù)據(jù)庫中，
模式對應(yīng)整個數(shù)據(jù)庫中的表、索引、序列；
外模式對應(yīng)某個用戶的表、索引、序列、視圖、同義詞，也稱為“方案對象”；
內(nèi)模式對應(yīng)存儲結(jié)構(gòu)，比如邏輯存儲結(jié)構(gòu)（表空間、區(qū)、段、塊等）、物理存儲結(jié)構(gòu)（數(shù)據(jù)文件、控制文件、重做日志文件、初始化參數(shù)文件、配置文件等）。
其他數(shù)據(jù)庫類似。
我用了DB2，其中就有模式SCHMEA關(guān)鍵詞，但這個概念比較虛，更多人愿意使用OWNER這個關(guān)鍵詞。
最大的問題在于電腦不是中國人發(fā)明的，數(shù)據(jù)庫概念也不是，模式的詞匯是硬翻譯過來的。
個人認(rèn)為模式，就是架構(gòu)層次的意思，
模式：總體架構(gòu)及設(shè)計(jì)方式
外模式：用戶層，所有與使用者程序或用戶打交道的一系列概念
內(nèi)模式：存儲層，所有與數(shù)據(jù)存儲方式打交道的一系列概念
如果要以視圖訪問來看，就更典型：
SELECT * FROM 數(shù)據(jù)庫.A視圖
A視圖純粹用于用戶層
而視圖-表-表空間的整體架構(gòu)就是數(shù)據(jù)庫模式
A視圖基于 B，C,D表
B,C,D表又位于b,c,d表空間
那么 A-B,C,D就是外模式到模式的對應(yīng)， B,C,D=到b,c,d就是模式到內(nèi)模式的對應(yīng)
內(nèi)模式不僅包含表如何存放到表空間，表空間如何在文件上存儲，還要關(guān)心表空間如何分頁、分段、分區(qū)等。
怎么查看oracle的數(shù)據(jù)庫模式
查看那些庫的話必須用dba權(quán)限登錄。登陸后可以通過下面的方法來查看。
一、查看有哪些庫，你的庫理解不準(zhǔn)確，應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)確來說是表空間，可以通過下面的命令來實(shí)現(xiàn)
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SELECT Total.name "Tablespace Name",
Free_space, (total_space-Free_space) Used_space, total_space
FROM
(select tablespace_name, sum(bytes/1024/1024) Free_Space
from sys.dba_free_space
group by tablespace_name
) Free,
(select b.name, sum(bytes/1024/1024) TOTAL_SPACE
from sys.v_$datafile a, sys.v_$tablespace B
where a.ts# = b.ts#
group by b.name
) Total
WHERE Free.Tablespace_name = Total.name
二、查看有哪些表。
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select table_name from dba_tables where owner='A';
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