上次老師跟大家分享了 cookie、session和token,今天給大家分享一下Java 8中的Stream API。
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Stream簡介
1、Java 8引入了全新的Stream API。這里的Stream和I/O流不同,它更像具有Iterable的集合類,但行為和集合類又有所不同。
2、stream是對集合對象功能的增強,它專注于對集合對象進(jìn)行各種非常便利、高效的聚合操作,或者大批量數(shù)據(jù)操作。
3、只要給出需要對其包含的元素執(zhí)行什么操作,比如 “過濾掉長度大于 10 的字符串”、“獲取每個字符串的首字母”等,Stream 會隱式地在內(nèi)部進(jìn)行遍歷,做出相應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換。
為什么要使用Stream
1、函數(shù)式編程帶來的好處尤為明顯。這種代碼更多地表達(dá)了業(yè)務(wù)邏輯的意圖,而不是它的實現(xiàn)機制。易讀的代碼也易于維護(hù)、更可靠、更不容易出錯。
2、高端
實例數(shù)據(jù)源
public class Data {
private static List<PersonModel> list = null;
static {
PersonModel wu = new PersonModel("wu qi", 18, "男");
PersonModel zhang = new PersonModel("zhang san", 19, "男");
PersonModel wang = new PersonModel("wang si", 20, "女");
PersonModel zhao = new PersonModel("zhao wu", 20, "男");
PersonModel chen = new PersonModel("chen liu", 21, "男");
list = Arrays.asList(wu, zhang, wang, zhao, chen);
}
public static List<PersonModel> getData() {
return list;
}
}Filter

/**
* 過濾所有的男性
*/
public static void fiterSex(){
List<PersonModel> data = Data.getData();
//old
List<PersonModel> temp=new ArrayList<>();
for (PersonModel person:data) {
if ("男".equals(person.getSex())){
temp.add(person);
}
}
System.out.println(temp);
//new
List<PersonModel> collect = data
.stream()
.filter(person -> "男".equals(person.getSex()))
.collect(toList());
System.out.println(collect);
}
/**
* 過濾所有的男性 并且小于20歲
*/
public static void fiterSexAndAge(){
List<PersonModel> data = Data.getData();
//old
List<PersonModel> temp=new ArrayList<>();
for (PersonModel person:data) {
if ("男".equals(person.getSex())&&person.getAge()<20){
temp.add(person);
}
}
//new 1
List<PersonModel> collect = data
.stream()
.filter(person -> {
if ("男".equals(person.getSex())&&person.getAge()<20){
return true;
}
return false;
})
.collect(toList());
//new 2
List<PersonModel> collect1 = data
.stream()
.filter(person -> ("男".equals(person.getSex())&&person.getAge()<20))
.collect(toList());
}Map

/**
* 取出所有的用戶名字
*/
public static void getUserNameList(){
List<PersonModel> data = Data.getData();
//old
List<String> list=new ArrayList<>();
for (PersonModel persion:data) {
list.add(persion.getName());
}
System.out.println(list);
//new 1
List<String> collect = data.stream().map(person -> person.getName()).collect(toList());
System.out.println(collect);
//new 2
List<String> collect1 = data.stream().map(PersonModel::getName).collect(toList());
System.out.println(collect1);
//new 3
List<String> collect2 = data.stream().map(person -> {
System.out.println(person.getName());
return person.getName();
}).collect(toList());
}FlatMap

public static void flatMapString() {
List<PersonModel> data = Data.getData();
//返回類型不一樣
List<String> collect = data.stream()
.flatMap(person -> Arrays.stream(person.getName().split(" "))).collect(toList());
List<Stream<String>> collect1 = data.stream()
.map(person -> Arrays.stream(person.getName().split(" "))).collect(toList());
//用map實現(xiàn)
List<String> collect2 = data.stream()
.map(person -> person.getName().split(" "))
.flatMap(Arrays::stream).collect(toList());
//另一種方式
List<String> collect3 = data.stream()
.map(person -> person.getName().split(" "))
.flatMap(str -> Arrays.asList(str).stream()).collect(toList());
}Reduce

public static void reduceTest(){
//累加,初始化值是 10
Integer reduce = Stream.of(1, 2, 3, 4)
.reduce(10, (count, item) ->{
System.out.println("count:"+count);
System.out.println("item:"+item);
return count + item;
} );
System.out.println(reduce);
Integer reduce1 = Stream.of(1, 2, 3, 4)
.reduce(0, (x, y) -> x + y);
System.out.println(reduce1);
String reduce2 = Stream.of("1", "2", "3")
.reduce("0", (x, y) -> (x + "," + y));
System.out.println(reduce2);
}Collect
/**
* toList
*/
public static void toListTest(){
List<PersonModel> data = Data.getData();
List<String> collect = data.stream()
.map(PersonModel::getName)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
}
/**
* toSet
*/
public static void toSetTest(){
List<PersonModel> data = Data.getData();
Set<String> collect = data.stream()
.map(PersonModel::getName)
.collect(Collectors.toSet());
}
/**
* toMap
*/
public static void toMapTest(){
List<PersonModel> data = Data.getData();
Map<String, Integer> collect = data.stream()
.collect(
Collectors.toMap(PersonModel::getName, PersonModel::getAge)
);
data.stream()
.collect(Collectors.toMap(per->per.getName(), value->{
return value+"1";
}));
}
/**
* 指定類型
*/
public static void toTreeSetTest(){
List<PersonModel> data = Data.getData();
TreeSet<PersonModel> collect = data.stream()
.collect(Collectors.toCollection(TreeSet::new));
System.out.println(collect);
}
/**
* 分組
*/
public static void toGroupTest(){
List<PersonModel> data = Data.getData();
Map<Boolean, List<PersonModel>> collect = data.stream()
.collect(Collectors.groupingBy(per -> "男".equals(per.getSex())));
System.out.println(collect);
}
/**
* 分隔
*/
public static void toJoiningTest(){
List<PersonModel> data = Data.getData();
String collect = data.stream()
.map(personModel -> personModel.getName())
.collect(Collectors.joining(",", "{", "}"));
System.out.println(collect);
}
/**
* 自定義
*/
public static void reduce(){
List<String> collect = Stream.of("1", "2", "3").collect(
Collectors.reducing(new ArrayList<String>(), x -> Arrays.asList(x), (y, z) -> {
y.addAll(z);
return y;
}));
System.out.println(collect);
}Optional
public static void main(String[] args) {
PersonModel personModel=new PersonModel();
//對象為空則打出 -
Optional<Object> o = Optional.of(personModel);
System.out.println(o.isPresent()?o.get():"-");
//名稱為空則打出 -
Optional<String> name = Optional.ofNullable(personModel.getName());
System.out.println(name.isPresent()?name.get():"-");
//如果不為空,則打出xxx
Optional.ofNullable("test").ifPresent(na->{
System.out.println(na+"ifPresent");
});
//如果空,則返回指定字符串
System.out.println(Optional.ofNullable(null).orElse("-"));
System.out.println(Optional.ofNullable("1").orElse("-"));
//如果空,則返回 指定方法,或者代碼
System.out.println(Optional.ofNullable(null).orElseGet(()->{
return "hahah";
}));
System.out.println(Optional.ofNullable("1").orElseGet(()->{
return "hahah";
}));
//如果空,則可以拋出異常
System.out.println(Optional.ofNullable("1").orElseThrow(()->{
throw new RuntimeException("ss");
}));
// Objects.requireNonNull(null,"is null");
//利用 Optional 進(jìn)行多級判斷
EarthModel earthModel1 = new EarthModel();
//old
if (earthModel1!=null){
if (earthModel1.getTea()!=null){
//...
}
}
//new
Optional.ofNullable(earthModel1)
.map(EarthModel::getTea)
.map(TeaModel::getType)
.isPresent();
// Optional<EarthModel> earthModel = Optional.ofNullable(new EarthModel());
// Optional<List<PersonModel>> personModels = earthModel.map(EarthModel::getPersonModels);
// Optional<Stream<String>> stringStream = personModels.map(per -> per.stream().map(PersonModel::getName));
//判斷對象中的list
Optional.ofNullable(new EarthModel())
.map(EarthModel::getPersonModels)
.map(pers->pers
.stream()
.map(PersonModel::getName)
.collect(toList()))
.ifPresent(per-> System.out.println(per));
List<PersonModel> models=Data.getData();
Optional.ofNullable(models)
.map(per -> per
.stream()
.map(PersonModel::getName)
.collect(toList()))
.ifPresent(per-> System.out.println(per));
}
并發(fā)
//根據(jù)數(shù)字的大小,有不同的結(jié)果
private static int size=10000000;
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("-----------List-----------");
testList();
System.out.println("-----------Set-----------");
testSet();
}
/**
* 測試list
*/
public static void testList(){
List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>(size);
for (Integer i = 0; i < size; i++) {
list.add(new Integer(i));
}
List<Integer> temp1 = new ArrayList<>(size);
//老的
long start=System.currentTimeMillis();
for (Integer i: list) {
temp1.add(i);
}
System.out.println(+System.currentTimeMillis()-start);
//同步
long start1=System.currentTimeMillis();
list.stream().collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis()-start1);
//并發(fā)
long start2=System.currentTimeMillis();
list.parallelStream().collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis()-start2);
}
/**
* 測試set
*/
public static void testSet(){
List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>(size);
for (Integer i = 0; i < size; i++) {
list.add(new Integer(i));
}
Set<Integer> temp1 = new HashSet<>(size);
//老的
long start=System.currentTimeMillis();
for (Integer i: list) {
temp1.add(i);
}
System.out.println(+System.currentTimeMillis()-start);
//同步
long start1=System.currentTimeMillis();
list.stream().collect(Collectors.toSet());
System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis()-start1);
//并發(fā)
long start2=System.currentTimeMillis();
list.parallelStream().collect(Collectors.toSet());
System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis()-start2);
}調(diào)試
private static void peekTest() {
List<PersonModel> data = Data.getData();
//peek打印出遍歷的每個per
data.stream().map(per->per.getName()).peek(p->{
System.out.println(p);
}).collect(toList());
}以上就是本文的全部內(nèi)容,希望對大家的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助,也希望大家多多支持創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)。
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